Energy of motion1/29/2024 ![]() For example, acoustics is distinguished from optics in that sound waves are related to a mechanical rather than an electromagnetic (light) wave transfer caused by vibration. The description of waves is closely related to their physical origin for each specific instance of a wave process. Sound, for example, is a longitudinal wave. While mechanical waves can be both transverse and longitudinal, all electromagnetic waves are transverse. Longitudinal waves occur when the oscillations are parallel to the direction of propagation. Transverse waves occur when a disturbance causes oscillations perpendicular (at right angles) to the propagation (the direction of energy transfer). We notice that while it moves up and down it does not move in the direction of the wave’s propagation.Ī wave can be transverse or longitudinal depending on the direction of its oscillation. ![]() Wave motion: The point along the axis is analogous to the floating ball at sea. ![]() A wave only moves mass perpendicular to the direction of propagation-in this case up and down, as illustrated in the figure below: It may come to shore eventually due to the tides, current or wind, but the waves themselves will not carry the ball with them. As the waves propagate (i.e., travel) towards the shore, the ball will not come towards the shore. An easy way to see this is to imagine a floating ball a few yards out to sea. The emphasis of the last point highlights an important misconception of waves. They consist, instead, of oscillations or vibrations around almost fixed locations. Wave motion transfers energy from one point to another, often with no permanent displacement of the particles of the medium -that is, with little or no associated mass transport. In physics a wave can be thought of as a disturbance or oscillation that travels through space-time, accompanied by a transfer of energy. From the jiggling of atoms to the large oscillations of sea waves, we find examples of vibrations in almost every physical system. In nature, oscillations are found everywhere. ![]() Vibrations and waves are extremely important phenomena in physics. Describe process of energy and mass transfer during wave motion.He is general manager of Lucas Technologies. Jim Lucas is a freelance writer and editor specializing in physics, astronomy and engineering. ![]() Conversely, electrical energy can be converted back to kinetic energy by an electric motor, thermal energy can be converted to kinetic energy by a steam turbine, and chemical energy can be converted to kinetic energy by an internal combustion engine. For example, kinetic energy can be converted into electrical energy by a generator or into thermal energy by the brakes on a car. (Note that v 2 ≠ ½ v 1.)Īdditionally, kinetic energy can be converted into other forms of energy and vice versa. Dividing by m and taking the square root of both sides we get v 2 = √2/2∙ v 1. The result would be the two cars continuing in the same direction at a lower speed such that mv 2 2 = ½ mv 1 2, where m is the mass of one car, v 1 is the velocity of the first car, and v 2 is the velocity of the coupled cars after the collision. The total energy would remain the same, but the mass of the new system would be doubled. Ignoring the friction between the balls and the table or any spin imparted to the cue ball, ideally the total kinetic energy of the two balls after the collision is equal to the kinetic energy of the cue ball before the collision.Īn example of an inelastic collision might be a moving train car bumping into a similar stationary car and coupling to it. One example of an elastic collision would be one billiard ball striking another. Kinetic energy can also be transferred from one body to another in a collision, which can be elastic or inelastic. ![]()
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